Computer Science General Knowledge - Part I

NEURAL NETWORK

• A type of artificial intelligence that attempts to imitate the way a human brain works.
• A neural network works by creating connections between processing elements, the computer equivalent of neurons. The organization and weights of the connections determine the output.
• Neural networks are currently used prominently in voice recognition systems, image recognition systems, industrial robotics, medical imaging, data mining and aerospace applications.

GO LANGUAGE

• Go is a compiled, garbage-collected, concurrent programming language developed by Google Inc.
• Go's "gc" compiler targets the Linux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, and Microsoft Windows operating systems and the i386, amd64, and ARM processor architectures.
• Go aims to provide the efficiency of a statically-typed compiled language with the ease of programming of a dynamic language. Other goals include:
• Safety: type-safe and memory-safe.
• Good support for concurrency and communication.
• Efficient, latency-free garbage collection.
• High-speed compilation.

HANDWRITING RECOGNITION

• The technique by which a computer system can recognize characters and other symbols written by hand in natural handwriting.
• The technology is used for identification and also on devices such as PDA and tablet PCs where a stylus is used to handwrite on a screen with a stylus, after which the computer turns the handwriting into digital text.

CLOUD COMPUTING

• Cloud computing is a type of computing that is comparable to grid computing.
• Cloud computing relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications.
• The goal of cloud computing is to apply traditional supercomputing, or high-performance computing power, normally used by military and research facilities, to perform tens of trillions of computations per second, in consumer-oriented applications such as financial portfolios or even to deliver personalized information, or power immersive computer games.

BIOMETRIC DATA

• A general term used to refer to any computer data that is created during a biometric process.
• This includes samples, models, fingerprints, similarity scores and all verification or identification data excluding the individual's name and demographics.

Blu-Ray

• Blu-ray is a DVD format for storing high-definition video. Blu-ray is one of the two new emerging high definition formats, the other is HD DVD.
• Blu-ray gets its name from the blue laser it users. Standard DVD uses a red laser to read discs.
• Blu-ray is designed to replace standard DVD’s. A Blu-ray disk can hold up to 25 GB per layer as opposed to HD DVD which holds on 15 GB per layer.

GNOME

• A free GNU program designed to work on all UNIX-like operating systems. Its three main components include: The GNOME desktop, The GNOME development platform and The GNOME Office.
• The GNOME project includes all images, source codes and data files so that users can modify any of the programs as they so choose, and then freely distribute the modified programs.

SPYWARE

• Software that sends information about your Internet sessions back to the computer from which it's launched.
• Spyware is often built into free downloads and works in the background without a user's knowledge.
• Since it doesn't record an individual's personal information, it's often used to create marketing profiles based on surfing habits.

Easy Peasy

• EasyPeasy is a lightweight open source operating system designed for use on net books.
• It was built to support social networking and cloud computing, and it offers very low power consumption for longer battery life on mobile devices.
• Additionally, EasyPeasy is optimized for Web surfing and provides easy access to Internet applications including Skype and Firefox.

MANET: MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK

• Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) refers to a type of mobile network in which each node has the ability to act as a router, permitting adaptable multihop communications.
• The establishment and maintenance of these routes, however, is severely affected by the stochastic nature of wireless communications, making it diffcult to implement such nets in practice.

2ND GENERATION INTEL® CORE™ I7 PROCESSOR

• The Intel® Core™ i7 processor delivers best-in-class performance for the most demanding applications.
• This quad-core processor features 8-way multitasking capability and additional L3 cache. With adaptive performance and built-in visual capabilities this 2nd generation processor brings more intelligence to your PC.
• 2nd generation Intel® Core™ i7 processors feature Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0◊ and Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology◊, enabling required security applications and protocols to run efficiently in the background without compromising productivity.

NetMeeting

• A product developed by Microsoft Corporation that enables groups to teleconference using the Internet as the transmission medium.
• NetMeeting supports VoIP, chat sessions, a whiteboard, and application sharing. It's built into Microsoft's Internet Explorer Web browser.

HDTV

• Short for High-Definition Television, HDTV is a standard for digital TV where the broadcast transmits widescreen pictures with more detail and quality than found in a standard analog television, or digital television.
• HDTV is a type of Digital Television (DTV) broadcast, and is considered to be the best quality DTV format available.
•  Types of HDTV displays include direct-view, plasma, rear screen and front screen projection. HDTV requires an HDTV tuner to view and the most detailed HDTV format is 1080i.